Engineering Journal

Notes from the design floor

Short, timely, technically serious writing on VLSI — RTL insights, verification notes, protocol commentary, and the reasoning behind the tutorials. Every article links back into the curriculum, so a five-minute read can turn into a structured path.

Protocols

AXI vs AHB vs APB — Complete AMBA Bus Comparison for RTL & SoC Designers

The definitive engineering reference on AXI vs AHB vs APB: architecture, timing, bursts, arbitration, outstanding transactions, bridges, RTL, verification, and 30+ interview questions.

10 July 202642 min read

Protocols

Why APB Still Matters in an AXI World

If AXI is so powerful, why do modern SoCs still contain APB? A working RTL architect's case for the low-power peripheral bus, the AXI-to-APB bridge, and matching each block to the traffic it carries.

7 July 20266 min read